X-rays are used in radiography to image the internal structures of the body. The uses for x-ray are many. Some methods use plain x-ray techniques, others add x-ray contrast, one form of which is drunk and another injected.

• X-rays are used in dental imaging for OPG and cephalometry.
• Radiography of the upper bowel is imaged using barium swallow and/or barium meal. The mid-part of the bowel uses techniques called small bowel series and small bowel enema; the lowest part of the bowel uses a barium enema.
• IVP is the most common way of looking at the kidneys and urinary tract.
• To investigate the spine and spinal nerves, spinal surgeons often require a myelogram.
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is used to look at the inside of the uterus and the Fallopian tubes.